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This life-saving discovery has been awaited for decades. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for revealing the mechanism that explains why our immune system does not attack itself. Their work revealed a fundamental mystery — the mechanism of peripheral immune tolerance, which prevents the immune system from destroying healthy cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role here—a special type of

The Clinical Trials Arena review highlights the late stages of the most promising molecules (including BTK inhibitors) and explains why these programs could change the standard of care. Useful for strategic planning for patients and physicians in 2026+. September and October 2025 proved to be busy months for multiple sclerosis (MS) specialists, as many of them gathered at three major conferences to discuss clinical trials that could change the current treatment paradigm. At t

The world's largest MS congress summarized the trends: moving beyond “relapse prevention” strategies, smarter trial design, and a focus on cognitive outcomes and treatment accessibility. For patients, this means a shift toward personalized therapy and measurable outcomes that are important in everyday life. Precision medicine and real-world data A study was presented in which Nira Medical, together with the Rocky Mountain MS Clinic, used artificial intelligence models (LLM)

AAN highlights noted progress in diagnosis, evidence base, and real-world quality of life measures. For MS, this confirms a “shift to the right” from relapse control to disability progression control. The 77th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN 2025), held April 5-9 in San Diego and online, was an important forum for advancing research in neurology, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases. As one of the largest gatherings of neurologists in the world,

The ECTRIMS press release highlighted research identifying biomarkers of progression independent of relapses. This reinforces the trend toward measuring “silent” disease activity and testing drugs specifically against PIRA. Using a high-throughput proteomic platform (Olink Explore 3072), researchers analyzed more than 2,800 proteins and applied advanced machine learning methods (LASSO regression) to identify discriminatory markers. The analysis identified 13 proteins that dis

England is the first country in Europe to launch a large-scale program for taking cladribine at home (20 tablets over 2 years) for active RRMS, resulting in fewer hospital visits and more convenient family planning. This is an example of how organizational decisions reinforce clinical benefits. Thousands of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in England will be the first in Europe to benefit from the widespread introduction of immunotherapeutic tablets. Current treatments i

In a large NEJM study, the oral BTK inhibitor tolebrutinib showed a reduction in disability accumulation in patients with relapsing-remitting MS without relapses. This is the first time that there is hope for a targeted effect on the PIRA component (progression independent of relapses). In participants with non-relapsing secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, the risk of disability progression was lower among those receiving tolebrutinib treatment than among those receivin

The most important event of the year for MS diagnosis: the McDonald Criteria update (for the first time, optic nerve damage is allowed to be counted as the fifth anatomical area, approaches to DIS/DIT and the use of biomarkers have been clarified). This is intended to speed up and standardize diagnosis in adults and children. For patients, this means fewer “gray areas” and an earlier start to therapy. Here's what's new and why it matters. 1. Consolidation of diagnostics for d